Eggplant (Solanum melongena) A warm-season nightshade vegetable requiring full sun and consistent moisture. This heat-loving plant thrives in zones 5-12 with germination occurring within 7-14 days at soil temperatures between 75-85°F. Seeds remain viable for 3-4 years when stored cool and dry. Plant 1/4 inch deep with 18-24 inch spacing. Days to maturity range from 70-120 depending on variety. Eggplants exhibit moderate disease resistance to verticillium wilt but remain susceptible to flea beetles. Notable for glossy fruits ranging from deep purple to white, this versatile crop performs best in well-draining, fertile soil with pH 5.5-6.5 and regular feeding.